“认罪认罚”比较简单，就是plead/admit guilty and accept punishment，翻译时只要将其转换成名词形式guilty plea/admission and punishment acceptance即可。相对来说不好理解的可能就是这里的“具结书”到底指的是什么意思了。

经搜索，具结悔过，是具体总结犯罪行为，反省自己言行，检讨自己思想的一种非刑罚处理方法。那么具结书就是责令当事人具结悔过所用的文书，为非正式文书，说简单点就是检讨、道歉。

因此，这里的具结书可以直接翻译为“agreement”，表示犯罪嫌疑人承认其罪行。我国刑事诉讼法相关规定中即采取此种译法：

《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》规定

Article 174 Criminal suspects who plead guilty voluntarily and agree to the sentencing proposals and the application of procedures shall sign agreements on guilty plea and punishment acceptance in the presence of defenders or on-duty lawyers.

第一百七十四条　犯罪嫌疑人自愿认罪，同意量刑建议和程序适用的，应当在辩护人或者值班律师在场的情况下签署认罪认罚具结书。

If a criminal suspect who pleads guilty and accepts punishment falls under any of the following circumstances, there is no need to sign an agreement on guilty plea and punishment acceptance:

犯罪嫌疑人认罪认罚，有下列情形之一的，不需要签署认罪认罚具结书：

1. the criminal suspect is vision, hearing or speech impaired, or is a mentally challenged person but has not lost entirely the ability of recognition or the ability to control his or her conduct;

（一）犯罪嫌疑人是盲、聋、哑人，或者是尚未完全丧失辨认或者控制自己行为能力的精神病人的；

2. the statutory agent or defender of the minor suspect has an objection to the guilty plea and punishment acceptance by the minor; or

（二）未成年犯罪嫌疑人的法定代理人、辩护人对未成年人认罪认罚有异议的；

3. other circumstances under which there is no need to sign an agreement on guilty plea and punishment acceptance.

（三）其他不需要签署认罪认罚具结书的情形。

至于“认罪认罚从宽制度”，则难点主要在于“从宽”一词。“从宽”一词里的“宽”指的是“leniency”，因此，“认罪认罚从宽制度”多用“ leniency system for confessions and punishments”来表达，有时亦可简称为“the leniency system”，如，以下为tellerreport的报道：

Focus on the leniency system for confessions and punishments: torture has greatly reduced, and some practical problems remain to be solved

The leniency system was formally implemented for nearly two years. This major reform, regarded as the criminal procedure system, has moved forward in the exploration of theory and practice.

The Paper noted that from the pilot in November 2016 to the formal entry into the law in October 2018, the system of confession of guilt and punishment has been moved forward from the leniency system, constantly posing new challenges to the procuratorial organs.