Agreement指“协议”“协定”，即两人或多人就其与过去或将来实施行为相关的权利和义务等内容而形成的双方合意（mutual assent），既可用于指无对价的非正式协议，如君子协议等，也可用于有对价支持的合法的正式协议。

Convention指“国际公约”，即广义的国际条约中的一种形式或名称，通常指许多国家或在国际组织的主持下为解决某项或某些重大国际问题而举行国际会议，以多边谈判方式缔结的多边条约。

Treaty指“条约”，即由两国政府正式签署和批准的协议，以及两个以上国家达成的受国际法约束的国际性协议。亦称作“accord”“convention”“declaration”“pact”。Pact也是指两个或两个以上的国家间缔结的协议，但其内容一般不如条约（treaty）精细与繁密，但二者也可几乎等同。

Protocol既可以指“（条约、契约等文件的）草案；草约”，也可以指“（对条约予以修订或补充的）议定书；协议书”。

例句1：

原文：

The United Nations High Seas Treaty is an instrument of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), agreed by an intergovernmental conference at the UN on 4 March 2023. Its full formal title is Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. The treaty will provide a legal framework for establishing marine protected areas (MPAs) in international waters to protect against the loss of wildlife. It also contains a procedure for managing returns from the genetic resources of the high seas. It includes the establishment of a conference of the parties (COP) that will meet periodically, and enable signatory states to be held to account on the treaty's implementation. Before the treaty can come into force, it needs to be formally adopted at a later UN session and then ratified by at least sixty parties to the treaty.

译文：

《联合国公海条约》，全称为“《联合国海洋法公约》有关养护和可持续利用国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性的协定”，于2023年3月4日在联合国政府间会议上达成一致。该协议将提供有关在公海建立海洋保护区保护野生生物的法律框架，涵盖公海遗传资源收益管理程序。要求定期举行缔约方大会，签字国负责实施条约。条约于之后召开的联合国会议上正式通过并经至少六十个条约缔约方批准后方可生效。

例句2：

原文：

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (commonly abbreviated as the CRC or UNCRC) is an international human rights treaty which sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children. The convention defines a child as any human being under the age of eighteen, unless the age of majority is attained earlier under national legislation. Nations that have ratified this convention or have acceded to it are bound by international law. When a state has signed the treaty but not ratified it, it is not yet bound by the treaty's provisions but is already obliged to not act contrary to its purpose.

译文：

《联合国儿童权利公约》（简称为“CRC”或“UNCRC”）是载列儿童享有公民权利、政治权利、经济权利、社会权利、健康权利和文化权利的国际人权条约。该公约所称儿童系指18岁以下的任何人，除非国内法规定的法定成年年龄早于18岁。批准或加入公约的缔约国均受国际法约束。若某一缔约国仅签署公约但未予以批准，其不受条约规定的约束，但不得违背公约目的。

例句3：

原文：

The Paris Agreement's long-term temperature goal is to keep the rise in mean global temperature to well below 2 C (3.6 F) above pre-industrial levels, and preferably limit the increase to 1.5 C (2.7 F), recognizing that this would substantially reduce the effects of climate change. Emissions should be reduced as soon as possible and reach net-zero by the middle of the 21st century. To stay below 1.5 C of global warming, emissions need to be cut by roughly 50% by 2030. This is an aggregate of each country's nationally determined contributions. 

译文：

《巴黎协定》的长期目标是将全球平均气温较前工业化时期上升幅度控制在2摄氏度（3.6华氏度）以内，并努力将温度上升幅度限制在1.5摄氏度（2.7华氏度）以内，认为这样可以大幅减少气候变化带来的影响。尽快减少排放量，到21世纪中期实现净零。为了将全球变暖控制在不超过1.5摄氏度，排放量需要在2030年前减少约50%。这是各缔约国国家自主贡献的总和。

例句4：

原文：

The main goal of the Kyoto Protocol was to control emissions of the main anthropogenic (human-emitted) greenhouse gases (GHGs) in ways that reflect underlying national differences in GHG emissions, wealth, and capacity to make the reductions. The treaty follows the main principles agreed in the original 1992 UN Framework Convention. According to the treaty, in 2012, Annex I Parties who have ratified the treaty must have fulfilled their obligations of greenhouse gas emissions limitations established for the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period (2008–2012). These emissions limitation commitments are listed in Annex B of the Protocol.

译文：

《京都议定书》的主要目标是控制主要人为温室气体的排放量，依据各缔约国的发达程度和减排能力设定不同的温室气体排放目标。该条约遵循1992年《联合国气候变化框架公约》议定的主要原则。根据规定，批准条约的附件一国家必须在2012年达到《京都议定书》第一个承诺期（2008–2012年）设定的温室气体排放限制目标（见附件B）。

来源：

《元照英美法词典》；

Wikipedia